dependsOn
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: dependsOn
TV vbg: dependsOned
TV sg: dependsOns

hasDescription
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: describes
TV sg: describeses
TV vbg: describesed
inverse of: isDescribedBy

hasDeterminingFactor
type: ObjectProperty
TV sg: hasDeterminingFactors
TV vbg: hasDeterminingFactored
TV pl: hasDeterminingFactor

hasEnvironmentParameter
type: ObjectProperty
TV vbg: hasEnvironmentParametered
TV pl: hasEnvironmentParameter
TV sg: hasEnvironmentParameters
sub property of: hasProcessParameter

hasFusionMechanism
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: hasFusionMechanism
TV sg: hasFusionMechanisms
TV vbg: hasFusionMechanismed
range: FullMelting
range: LiquidPhaseSintering
domain: PowderBedFusion
range: SolidStateSintering

hasHeatAbsorptionDeterminingFactor
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Heat_absorption determinig factors can be defined within the following range Energy_density, Power_wavelength, Pulse_duration, Scanning_speed, Absorption_factor, Heat_conduction, Powder_oxidation_rate
TV sg: has_HA_DeterminingFactors
TV pl: has_HA_DeterminingFactor
TV vbg: has_HA_DeterminingFactored
sub property of: hasDeterminingFactor

hasHeatSource
type: ObjectProperty
TV sg: hasHeatSources
TV pl: hasHeatSource
TV vbg: hasHeatSourced
domain: AdditiveManufacturing
sub property of: usesThermalEnergy
range: Class
  union of: ElectronBeam
  union of: LaserBeam

hasHeatSourceProperty
type: ObjectProperty
TV sg: hasHeatSourceProperties
TV vbg: hasHeatSourcePropertied
TV pl: hasHeatSourceProperty
sub property of: hasProperty

hasInputParameter
type: ObjectProperty
TV sg: hasInputParameters
TV pl: hasInputParameter
TV vbg: hasInputParametered
sub property of: hasProcessParameter

hasMaterial
type: ObjectProperty
TV sg: hasMaterials
TV vbg: hasMaterialed
TV pl: hasMaterial
domain: AdditiveManufacturing
range: AdditiveManufacturingMaterial

hasMaterialProperty
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: hasMaterialProperty
TV vbg: hasMaterialPropertied
TV sg: hasMaterialProperties
domain: AdditiveManufacturingMaterial
range: ProcessDependentMaterialProperty
sub property of: hasProperty

hasMeltPoolDeterminingFactor
type: ObjectProperty
TV vbg: has_determining_factored
TV sg: has_determining_factors
TV pl: has_determining_factor
sub property of: hasDeterminingFactor

hasPowderBedFusionResource
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: hasPowderBedFusionResource
TV vbg: hasPowderBedFusionResourced
TV sg: hasPowderBedFusionResources
domain: PowderBedFusion
sub property of: hasProcessResource
range: Class
  intersection of: BuildChamber
  intersection of: BuildPlatform
  intersection of: DispenserPlatform
  intersection of: HeatSource
  intersection of: PowderBed
  intersection of: RecoatingBlade

hasPowderLayerProperty
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: hasPowderLayerProperty
TV vbg: hasPowderLayerPropertied
TV sg: hasPowderLayerProperties
domain: PowderLayer
range: PowderLayerThickness
sub property of: hasProperty

hasProcessParameter
type: ObjectProperty
TV vbg: has_parametered
TV pl: has_parameter
TV sg: has_parameters
domain: AdditiveManufacturing
range: AdditiveManufacturingParameter

hasProcessResource
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: hasResource
TV sg: hasResources
TV vbg: hasResourced

hasProperty
type: ObjectProperty
TV vbg: hasPropertied
TV sg: hasProperties
TV pl: hasProperty

hasShape
type: ObjectProperty
TV vbg: has_shaped
TV pl: has_shape
TV sg: has_shapes

hasVariable
type: ObjectProperty
TV vbg: hasVariabled
TV pl: hasVariable
TV sg: hasVariables

isControlledBy
type: ObjectProperty
TV vbg: isControlledBied
TV sg: isControlledBies
TV pl: isControlledBy

isDefinedBy
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: isDefinedBy
TV sg: isDefinedBies
TV vbg: isDefinedBied

isDescribedBy
type: ObjectProperty
TV sg: isDescribedBies
TV vbg: isDescribedBied
TV pl: isDescribedBy

isDeterminedBy
type: ObjectProperty
TV vbg: isDeterminedBied
TV pl: isDeterminedBy
TV sg: isDeterminedBies
inverse of: hasDeterminingFactor

isFunctionOf
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: isFunctionOf
TV sg: isFunctionOfs
TV vbg: isFunctionOfed

isQuantifiedWith
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: isQuantifiedWith
TV vbg: isQuantifiedWithed
TV sg: isQuantifiedWiths

usesThermalEnergy
type: ObjectProperty
TV pl: usesThermalEnergy
TV vbg: usesThermalEnergied
TV sg: usesThermalEnergies

isDeterminedBy
TV pl: isDeterminedBy
TV sg: isDeterminedBies
TV vbg: isDeterminedBied

AMProcessEntity
type: Class
comment: An AMProcessEntity is an element used in the description of an additive manufacturing process.

AdditiveManufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: AMProcessEntity
comment: A family of additive manufacturing process.
CN pl: AM_entities
CN sg: AM_entity
CN pl: Process_entities
CN sg: Process_entity

AdditiveManufacturingMaterial
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfAdditiveManufacturing
comment: Material used for AM process. Most AM processes are capable of using several materials.
CN pl: Material_entities
CN sg: Material_entity

AdditiveManufacturingParameter
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfAdditiveManufacturing
comment: Processing parameter determined for a given Additive Manufacturing process.
CN pl: Process_parameters
CN sg: Process_parameter

AdditiveManufacturingVariable
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfAdditiveManufacturing
CN pl: AdditiveManufacturingProcessVariables
comment: Process variable of interest to determine the quality of a build. Some indicators can be measured (observable variables) while other may be inferred from measurements using models or correlations (derived variables).
CN sg: AdditiveManufacturingProcessVariable

AmorphousMaterialSintering
type: Class
subclass of: ConsolidationBySintering
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: SolidStateSintering
CN pl: AmorphousMaterialSinterings
CN sg: AmorphousMaterialSintering

AmorphousThermoplastic
type: Class
subclass of: Polymer
CN pl: AmorphousThermoplastics
CN sg: AmorphousThermoplastic
comment: Amorphous high-temperature polymers have a randomly ordered molecular structure which does not have a sharp melt point; instead amorphous materials soften gradually as the temperature rises.

BeamRadius
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
comment: Size of the laser or electron beam.
CN sg: BeamDiameter
CN pl: BeamDiameters

BeamWavelength
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
CN sg: PowerWavelength
CN pl: PowerWavelengths
comment: Wavelength of the heat source.

BedEmissivity
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedProperty
CN pl: BedEmissivities
CN sg: BedEmissivity

BedRadiation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: HeatTransferInPowderBed
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFunctionOf
      some values from: BedEmissivity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFunctionOf
      some values from: ChamberTemperature
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFunctionOf
      some values from: TemperatureDistribution
CN pl: BedRadiations
CN sg: BedRadiation

BinderJetting
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturing
CN pl: BinderJettings
comment: A rapid prototyping technology where an inkjet print head moves accross a bed of powder, slectively depositing a liquid binding material. The process is also known as "drop-on-powder" and "Inkjet 3D printing".
CN sg: BinderJetting

BuildChamber
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusionResource
CN sg: BuildChamber
CN pl: BuildChambers

BuildPlatform
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusionResource
CN sg: Build_platform
CN pl: Build_platforms

BuoyancyEffects
type: Class
subclass of: FluidMechanics
CN pl: BuoyancyEffectses
CN sg: BuoyancyEffects
comment: Buoyancy Effect is a Volumetric Phenomenon

CapillaryEffect
type: Class
subclass of: SurfaceTensionEffects
CN pl: CapillaryEffects
CN sg: CapillaryEffect

Ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturingMaterial
CN pl: Ceramicses
CN sg: Ceramics
comment: An inorganic, nonmetallic solid primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds. The crystallinity of ceramic materials ranges from highly-oriented to semi-crystalline, and often completely amorphous.

ChamberTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
CN sg: ChamberTemperature
comment: Temperature inside the build chamber. Some systems have internal heaters (to prevent residual stresses due to thermal gradients) that allow for a reference chamber temperature to be pre-defined.
CN pl: ChamberTemperatures

CompositeMaterials
type: Class
subclass of: Ceramics
comment: Materials that are particulate reinforced, fiber reinforces or some other combination of oxides and nonoxides.

Consolidation
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalProcess
CN pl: Consolidations
comment: Consolidation physical process is characterized with density variation process within melting or sintering.
CN sg: Consolidation

ConsolidationByMelting
type: Class
subclass of: Consolidation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: FullMelting
CN pl: ConsolidationByMeltings
CN sg: ConsolidationByMelting

ConsolidationBySintering
type: Class
subclass of: Consolidation
CN pl: ConsolidationBySinterings
CN sg: ConsolidationBySintering

ControllableInputParameter
type: Class
subclass of: InputParameter
CN sg: Controllable
CN pl: Controllables
comment: Input parameters that can be varied during the process.

CoolingRate
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isDeterminedBy
  some values from: TemperatureDistribution
comment: The rate at which temperature decreases after solidification. It is inferred from the temperature distribution.
CN sg: CoolingRate
CN pl: CoolingRates

CrystallineMaterialSintering
type: Class
subclass of: ConsolidationBySintering
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: Class
    union of: LiquidPhaseSintering
    union of: SolidStateSintering
CN pl: CrystallineMaterialSinterings
CN sg: CrystallineMaterialSintering

CylindricalIrradiation
type: Class
subclass of: SurfaceIrradiation
CN sg: CylindricalIrradiation
CN pl: CylindricalIrradiations

DeformationInPart
type: Class
subclass of: Structural
CN sg: Deformation
CN pl: Deformations

DendriteArmSpacingDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: SolidificationCharacteristic
CN sg: DendriteArmSpacingDistribution
CN pl: DendriteArmSpacingDistributions
comment: Primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) and secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) can be approximated with correlations based on the thermal history of the part. These parameters are used to quantify the likelihood of macrosegregation defects.

DendriteOrientationDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: SolidificationCharacteristic
comment: Thermal history can be used to predict the orientation of dendrites, which grow perpendicular to the solidification front.
CN sg: DendriteOrientationDistribution
CN pl: DendriteOrientationDistributions

DensityDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
CN sg: DensityDistribution
comment: Distribution of density in the powder bed. It depends on time and space. It is not measured during the process but it can be approximated with physics-based models.
CN pl: DensityDistributions

DerivedVariable
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturingVariable
CN sg: Derived
comment: Quantity of interest that has a physical meaning and is not observed directly. Mapping between measurements and derived variables doesn't have to be given by the instantied model.
CN pl: Deriveds

DirectedEnergyDeposition
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturing
CN pl: DirectedEnergyDepositions
CN sg: DirectedEnergyDeposition
comment: An additive manufacturing technology where a nozzle is mounted on a multi-axis arm, which deposits melted material onto a specified surface, where it solidifies. The process can be used with polymers, ceramics but it is typically used with metals, in the form of either powder or wire.

DispenserPlatform
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusionResource
CN pl: Dispenser_platforms
CN sg: Dispenser_platform

ElasticDeformation
type: Class
subclass of: DeformationInPart
CN sg: ElasticDeformation
CN pl: ElasticDeformations

ElectronBeam
type: Class
subclass of: HeatSource
disjoint with: LaserBeam
CN pl: Electron_beams
CN sg: Electron_beam

ElectronBeamMelting
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusion
comment: Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) for metal components in which an electron beam acts as the heat source to fully-melt metal powder.
CN pl: ElectronBeamMeltings
CN sg: ElectronBeamMelting

ElementOfAdditiveManufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: AMProcessEntity
CN sg: ElementOfAdditiveManufacturingProcess
comment: Attributes required to define an Additive Manufacturing process, such as the material, the consolidation mechanism, etc.
CN pl: ElementOfAdditiveManufacturingProcesses

ElementOfPowderBed
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusionResource
CN sg: Powder_bed_component
CN pl: Powder_bed_components

ElementOfPowderBedFusion
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfAdditiveManufacturing
CN sg: ElementOfPowderBedFusion
comment: List of characteristics defining the physics of the powder bed fusion process.
CN pl: ElementOfPowderBedFusions

EmpiricalParameter
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
comment: THIS DOES NOT MAKE SENSE. THE ONLY REASON WHY YOU WOULD NEED AN EMPIRICAL PARAMETER IS IF YOU HAD A MODEL.
CN sg: EmpiricalParameter
CN pl: EmpiricalParameters

FluidFlowInMeltPool
type: Class
subclass of: FluidMechanics
CN sg: FluidFlowInMeltPool
CN pl: FluidFlowInMeltPools

FluidMechanics
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalProcess
CN sg: FluidMechanics
CN pl: FluidMechanicses

FluidVelocity
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
CN pl: FluidVelocities
CN sg: FluidVelocity
comment: Velocity of in the fluid region of the powder bed. It is not measured but it can be approximated with multi-physics models.

FullMelting
type: Class
subclass of: FusionMechanism
comment: Powdered material heated up above its melting temperature to result in fully-dense material.
CN pl: FullMeltings
CN sg: FullMelting

Fusion
type: Class
subclass of: PhaseTransformation
CN sg: Fusion
CN pl: Fusions

FusionMechanism
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfPowderBedFusion
comment: Type of consolidation mechanism.
CN pl: FusionMechanisms
CN sg: FusionMechanism

GasComposition
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
CN sg: GasComposition
CN pl: GasCompositions
comment: Chemical composition of protective gas in the build chamber. When processing metals, noble gases are used to protect the liquid from oxidation.

GasPressure
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
CN sg: GasPressure
comment: Pressure of the protective gas in the build chamber.
CN pl: GasPressures

GaussianIrradiation
type: Class
subclass of: SurfaceIrradiation
CN pl: GaussianIrradiations
CN sg: GaussianIrradiation

GrainSizeDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: SolidificationCharacteristic
comment: Termperature gradients and local solidification time can be used to predict grain size, which will be responsible for mechanical properties, such as yield strength.
CN sg: DendriticGrainSizeDistribution
CN pl: DendriticGrainSizeDistributions

HardMetal
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturingMaterial
CN pl: HardMetals
comment: Hard materials used in machining tough materials.
CN sg: HardMetal

HeatConduction
type: Class
subclass of: HeatTransferInPowderBed
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isControlledBy
  some values from: ThermalConductivity
CN pl: HeatConductions
CN sg: HeatConduction

HeatSource
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: ElectronBeam
  union of: LaserBeam
subclass of: PowderBedFusionResource
CN sg: EnergySource
CN pl: EnergySources

HeatSourcePosition
type: Class
subclass of: ObservableVariable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isDeterminedBy
  some values from: HeatSourceVelocity
CN pl: HeatSourcePositions
comment: The scan speed can be integrated in time to find the position of the heat source. This variable is monitored during the process.
CN sg: HeatSourcePosition

HeatSourcePower
type: Class
subclass of: ControllableInputParameter
CN sg: HeatSourcePower
CN pl: HeatSourcePowers
comment: Power of the heat source (laser or electron beam).

HeatSourceVelocity
type: Class
subclass of: ControllableInputParameter
comment: Speed of the the heat source on the powder bed. Also designated as "Scanning Speed" in the literature.
CN sg: HeatSourceVelocity
CN pl: HeatSourceVelocities

HeatTransferInPowderBed
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Thermal
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: isFunctionOf
        some values from: BedRadiation
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: isFunctionOf
        some values from: HeatConduction
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: isFunctionOf
        some values from: SurfaceConvection
    union of: Restriction
      on property: isFunctionOf
      all values from: HeatConduction
CN pl: HeatTransfers
CN sg: HeatTransfer

HeatingByHeatSource
type: Class
subclass of: IrradiationAbsorptionByPowderBed
CN pl: Scannings
CN sg: Scanning
comment: A beam is directed toward the powder bed.

InitialPowderDensity
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessDependentMaterialProperty
CN sg: InitialPowderDensity
comment: Density of the powder before any sort of consolidation.
CN pl: InitialPowderDensities

InputParameter
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturingParameter
CN pl: Input_parameters
comment: Input parameters determined by the user.
CN sg: Input_parameter

InterfaceCurvature
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
CN pl: InterfaceCurvatures
comment: Usually accounted for when studying balling. Although not measured during the process, it can be estimated with meso-scale models.
CN sg: InterfaceCurvature

Irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: Thermal
CN sg: Irradiation
CN pl: Irradiations

IrradiationAbsorptionByPowderBed
type: Class
subclass of: Thermal
comment: Part of the irradiation is absorbed by the powder bed, heating it up.
CN pl: HeatAbsorptions
CN sg: Heating
CN pl: Heatings
CN sg: HeatAbsorption

LaserBeam
type: Class
subclass of: HeatSource
CN sg: Laser_beam
CN pl: Laser_beams

LiquidPhaseSintering
type: Class
subclass of: FusionMechanism
CN sg: LiquidPhaseSintering
comment: Part of the powder is melted to act as an adhesive that will hold together the rest of the material, still solid. Also known as partial melting.
CN pl: LiquidPhaseSinterings

LocalSolidificationTime
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isDeterminedBy
  some values from: TemperatureDistribution
CN sg: Cooling_time
CN pl: Cooling_times
comment: Time between liquidus and solidus transition. This parameter is extracted from the temperature distribution.

MarangoniEffect
type: Class
subclass of: SurfaceTensionEffects
CN sg: MarangoniEffect
CN pl: MarangoniEffects

MaterialExtrusion
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturing
CN sg: MaterialExtrusion
CN pl: MaterialExtrusions
comment: In this process, material is drawn through a nozzle, where it is heated and then deposited layer by layer. It is commonly used in several inexpensive, domestive 3D printers.

MaterialJetting
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturing
CN sg: MaterialJetting
comment: This process creates objects in a similar method to an ink jet printer. The difference is that in this process the nozzle deposits material instead of binder.
CN pl: MaterialJettings

MeltPoolArea
type: Class
subclass of: MeltPoolSize
comment: Cross-sectional area of melt pool, usually measured on the plane where the cross-sectional area reaches its maximum.

MeltPoolDepth
type: Class
subclass of: MeltPoolShape
subclass of: MeltPoolSize
comment: Maximum depth of the melt pool, as measured from the top of the powder bed. It can be measured only after the process has been completed.
CN sg: Melt_pool_depth
CN pl: Melt_pool_depths

MeltPoolLength
type: Class
subclass of: MeltPoolSize
comment: Length of melt pool, as measured on the top surface of the powder bed.

MeltPoolShape
type: Class
subclass of: ObservableVariable
CN pl: Melt_pool_shapes
CN sg: Melt_pool_shape
comment: Geometry of melt pool as measured either during the process or after.

MeltPoolSize
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
CN pl: Melt_pool_sizes
CN sg: Melt_pool_size
comment: Geometry of the melt pool in the powder bed.

MeltPoolTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: ObservableVariable
CN sg: Melt_pool_temperature
comment: In some applications, thermography is used to measure temperature in the melt pool.
CN pl: Melt_pool_temperatures

MeltPoolWidth
type: Class
subclass of: MeltPoolShape
subclass of: MeltPoolSize
CN pl: MeltPoolWidths
CN sg: MeltPoolWidth
comment: Melt pool width as measured on top surface of powder bed. It can be measured during the process with non-invasive methods, such as thermography.

MetalAlloy
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturingMaterial
comment: A material that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
CN sg: Metal
CN pl: Metals

Microstructural
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalProcess
CN sg: Microstructural
CN pl: Microstructurals

MicrostructureDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: SolidificationCharacteristic
comment: Thermal history can be fed to microstructural models that predict the distribution of different phases in the solidified part.
CN pl: MicrostructureDistributions
CN sg: MicrostructureDistribution

MicrostructureEvolution
type: Class
subclass of: Microstructural
CN sg: MicrostructureEvolution
CN pl: MicrostructureEvolutions

NickelAlloy
type: Class
subclass of: MetalAlloy
comment: Superalloys with nickel as principal element. Some examples are alloys 625 and 718.
CN sg: NickelAlloy
CN pl: NickelAlloys

NonOxideCeramic
type: Class
subclass of: Ceramics
CN sg: NonOxideCeramic
comment: Nonoxide ceramics, such as carbides, borides, nitrides, and silicides.
CN pl: NonOxideCeramics

ObservableVariable
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturingVariable
CN sg: Observable
CN pl: Observables
comment: Set of process variables that can be observed experimentally.

OpticalProperty
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedProperty
CN pl: OpticalProperties
CN sg: OpticalProperty

OxideCeramic
type: Class
subclass of: Ceramics
comment: Oxides are chemical compounds that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.
CN sg: OxideCeramic
CN pl: OxideCeramics

PackingDensity
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessDependentMaterialProperty
comment: Packing density of powder.
CN pl: PackingDensities
CN sg: PackingDensity

ParticleSize
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessDependentMaterialProperty
comment: Average size of powdered particles used in the AM process.
CN pl: ParticleSizes
CN sg: ParticleSize

PhaseTransformation
type: Class
subclass of: Thermal
CN pl: PhaseTransformations
CN sg: PhaseTransformation

PhysicalProcess
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfAdditiveManufacturing
comment: Individual stages of the multi-physics multi-scale process that characterizes PBF processes.
CN sg: Physical_phenomenon
CN pl: Physical_phenomenons

PlasticDeformation
type: Class
subclass of: DeformationInPart
CN pl: PlasticDeformations
CN sg: PlasticDeformation

PointSourceIrradiation
type: Class
subclass of: SurfaceIrradiation
CN sg: PointSourceIrradiation
CN pl: PointSourceIrradiations

PolyMethylmetacrylate
type: Class
subclass of: AmorphousThermoplastic
CN pl: PolyMethylmetacrylates
comment: PMMA is a transparent thermoplastic often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.
CN sg: PolyMethylmetacrylate

Polyamide
type: Class
subclass of: SemiChrystallineThermoplastics
comment: A macromolecule with repeating units linked by amide bonds.
CN pl: Polyamides
CN sg: Polyamide

Polycarbonate
type: Class
subclass of: AmorphousThermoplastic
CN sg: Polycarbonate
CN pl: Polycarbonates
comment: A group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed.

Polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: SemiChrystallineThermoplastics
comment: PE is the most common plastic. Many kinds of polyethylene are known, with most having the chemical formula (C2H4)n. Thus PE is usually a mixture of similar organic compounds that differ in terms of the value of n.
CN sg: Polyethylene
CN pl: Polyethylenes

Polymer
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturingMaterial
CN sg: Polymer
comment: A large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits. Only amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers are used in AM processes.
CN pl: Polymers

Polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: SemiChrystallineThermoplastics
CN sg: Polypropylene
comment: PP is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications including packaging and labeling, textiles (e.g., ropes, thermal underwear and carpets), stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes. An addition polymer made from the monomer propylene, it is rugged and unusually resistant to many chemical solvents, bases and acids.
CN pl: Polypropylenes

Polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: AmorphousThermoplastic
comment: A synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene. Polystyrene can be solid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard, and rather brittle.
CN sg: Polystyrene
CN pl: Polystyrenes

PowderBed
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusionResource
CN pl: Powder_beds
CN sg: Powder_bed

PowderBedFusion
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: ElectronBeamMelting
  union of: SelectiveLaserSintering
  union of: Class
    intersection of: SelectiveLaserMelting
    intersection of: Class
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: hasFusionMechanism
        some values from: FusionMechanism
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: hasHeatSource
        some values from: HeatSource
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: hasProcessResource
        some values from: PowderBedFusionResource
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturing
comment: Powder bed fusion (PBF) describes a family of additive manufacturing processes in which either a laser or an electrob beam melts heats up layers of powder to produce thermally-activated consolidation, either by sintering or melting. Some of the techniques that can be considered PBF are: Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), Electron beam melting (EBM), Selective heat sintering (SHS) and selective laser sintering (SLS).
CN sg: PowderBedFusion
CN pl: PowderBedFusions

PowderBedFusionResource
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfPowderBedFusion
CN pl: AMResources
CN sg: AMResource

PowderBedGeometry
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedProperty
CN sg: PowderBedGeometry
CN pl: PowderBedGeometries

PowderBedProperty
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessDependentMaterialProperty
CN pl: PowderBedProperties
CN sg: PowderBedProperty

PowderInitialTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
CN sg: PowderInitialTemperature
CN pl: PowderInitialTemperatures
comment: Temperature at which the powder is spread on the powder bed. It may be pre-heated to prevent residual stresses.

PowderLayer
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfPowderBed
CN pl: Layers
CN sg: Layer

PowderLayerThickness
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
CN sg: PowderLayerThickness
comment: Thickness of the powder layer spread on top of the powder bed.
CN pl: PowderLayerThicknesses

PowderParticles
type: Class
subclass of: ElementOfPowderBed
CN sg: Powder_particle
CN pl: Powder_particles

PowderParticlesComposition
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessDependentMaterialProperty
CN pl: PowderParticlesCompositions
CN sg: PowderParticlesComposition
comment: Chemical composition of the powdered particles. All of them could have the same composition, or a combination of different compositions could be used.

PowderSizeDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessDependentMaterialProperty
CN sg: PowderSizeDistribution
comment: YOU ALREADY HAVE PARTICLE SIZE. THIS DOES NOT MAKE SENSE AS YOU ARE REPEATING INFORMATION. THEY'RE THE SAME.
CN pl: PowderSizeDistributions

PredefinedInputParameter
type: Class
subclass of: InputParameter
comment: Input parameters that are determined before the build.
CN sg: Predefined
CN pl: Predefineds

ProcessDependentMaterialProperty
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
CN sg: Material_properties
CN pl: Material_propertieses
comment: Properties of the material used in the AM process.

PulseDuration
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
CN sg: PulseDuration
comment: In the case of pulsed lasers, the pulse duration needs to be pre-defined.
CN pl: PulseDurations

RadiativeProperty
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedProperty
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isDeterminedBy
  some values from: TemperatureDistribution
CN sg: RadiativeProperty
CN pl: RadiativeProperties

RecoatingBlade
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusionResource
CN sg: Recoating_blade
CN pl: Recoating_blades

ResidualStressDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: StressDistribution
CN sg: Stress_distribution
CN pl: Stress_distributions
comment: Distribution of residual stresses which arise due to thermal gradients during solidification.

ScaningTrackPattern
type: Class
subclass of: PredefinedInputParameter
comment: The trajectory to be followed by the heat source to scan the surface of a given layer.
CN pl: Scan_tracks
CN sg: Scan_track

SelectiveLaserMelting
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusion
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: appliedTo
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: HardMetal
      intersection of: MetalAlloy
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasFusionMechanism
    some values from: FullMelting
CN pl: SelectiveLaserMeltings
comment: This process uses a high-power laser, usually an ytterbium fiber laser with hundreds of Watts, to fully melt selected regions of a metal powder bed.
CN sg: SelectiveLaserMelting

SelectiveLaserSintering
type: Class
subclass of: PowderBedFusion
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: appliedTo
    some values from: AdditiveManufacturingMaterial
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasFusionMechanism
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: FullMelting
      intersection of: LiquidPhaseSintering
      intersection of: SolidStateSintering
CN sg: SelectiveLaserSintering
CN pl: SelectiveLaserSinterings
comment: Selective laser sintering (SLS) uses a laser as the power source to sinter powdered material, binding the material together to create a solid structure.

SemiChrystallineThermoplastics
type: Class
subclass of: Polymer
CN sg: SemiChrystallineThermoplastics
comment: Semi-crystalline materials have a highly ordered molecular structure with sharp melt points. They do not gradually soften with a temperature increase, instead, semi-crystalline materials remain solid until a given quantity of heat is absorbed and then rapidly change into a low viscosity liquid.
CN pl: SemiChrystallineThermoplasticses

SheetLamination
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturing
CN pl: SheetLaminations
comment: Sheet lamination describes a family of additive manufacturing process in which layers are shaped separately (by laser or knife), and then bound together using ultrasonic welding or an adhesive.
CN sg: SheetLamination

SilicateCeramic
type: Class
subclass of: OxideCeramic
CN sg: SilicateCeramic
CN pl: SilicateCeramics
comment: Silicate ceramics are manufactured from natural raw materials. They include porcelains, steatites, cordierites, and mullites.

SinteringRate
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
CN pl: SinteringRates
comment: Rate at which particles are sintered together when temperature is increased.
CN sg: SinteringRate

SolidStateSintering
type: Class
subclass of: FusionMechanism
CN pl: SolidStateSinterings
comment: Viscous sintering, which occurs when powder is heated up below melting temperature.
CN sg: SolidStateSintering

SolidificationCharacteristic
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
comment: Indicators of the microstructural properties in the part. They are computed only for metallic parts.
CN pl: SolidificationCharacteristics
CN sg: SolidificationCharacteristic

SolidificationRate
type: Class
subclass of: SolidificationCharacteristic
comment: THIS IS WRONG. LAST WEEK I TOLD YOU THAT SOLIDIFICATION RATE AND LOCAL SOLIDIFICATION TIME ARE THE SAME THING.
CN sg: SolidificationRate
CN pl: SolidificationRates

StainlessSteel
type: Class
subclass of: MetalAlloy
comment: Steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% of chromium content by mass, to protect it from corrosion.
CN sg: Stainless_steel
CN pl: Stainless_steels

StrainDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
comment: Distribution of strain (deformation) in the solidified part.

StressDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
comment: Distribution of stresses in the part. In the case of AM. When no external load is applied, only residual stresses remain.
CN pl: StressDistributions
CN sg: StressDistribution

Structural
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalProcess
CN sg: Structural
CN pl: Structurals

SubstrateTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
CN sg: SubstrateTemperature
comment: Temperature of the substrate. Often assumed constant, it will receive heat from the source and its temperature may increase, especially when building the first layers.
CN pl: SubstrateTemperatures

SurfaceBallingSize
type: Class
subclass of: ObservableVariable
CN sg: SurfaceBallingSize
CN pl: SurfaceBallingSizes
comment: When balling occurs, the size of the defects can be measured after the process is completed.

SurfaceConvection
type: Class
subclass of: HeatTransferInPowderBed
CN pl: SurfaceConvections
CN sg: SurfaceConvection

SurfaceIrradiation
type: Class
subclass of: Irradiation
CN sg: SurfaceIrradiation
CN pl: SurfaceIrradiations

SurfaceTensionEffects
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: FluidMechanics
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isDeterminedBy
      some values from: CapillaryEffect
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isDeterminedBy
      some values from: MarangoniEffect
CN pl: Wettings/Dewettings
comment: Surface Effect concept is intended to include Wetting/Dewetting phenomena
CN sg: Wetting/Dewetting

TemperatureDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
comment: Temperature distribution on the powder bed. It is not possible to measure the entire distribution of temperature and one must resort to computational models to predict it.
CN sg: Temperature_distribution
CN pl: Temperature_distributions

Thermal
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalProcess
CN sg: Thermal
CN pl: Thermals

ThermalConductivity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: DerivedVariable
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isDeterminedBy
      some values from: DensityDistribution
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isDeterminedBy
      some values from: TemperatureDistribution
comment: Thermal conductivity in the powder bed is a function of both temperature and density, and as such needs to be approximated with a model because it cannot be measured during the process.
CN pl: ThermalConductivities
CN sg: ThermalConductivity

ThermalGradientDistribution
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: isDeterminedBy
  some values from: TemperatureDistribution
CN pl: Thermal_gradients
CN sg: Thermal_gradient
comment: Temperature distribution can be used to return approximations of the temperature gradient, which are used to make microstructural predictions.

ThermalLoadingInPart
type: Class
subclass of: Structural
CN pl: ThermalLoadings
CN sg: ThermalLoading

ThermalShrinkage
type: Class
subclass of: ThermalLoadingInPart
CN sg: ThermalShrinkage
CN pl: ThermalShrinkages

TitaniumAlloy
type: Class
subclass of: MetalAlloy
CN sg: TitaniumAlloy
CN pl: TitaniumAlloys
comment: Alloys with Titanium as the primary element. The most typical example is Ti-6Al-4V.

Vaporization
type: Class
subclass of: PhaseTransformation
CN sg: Vaporization
CN pl: Vaporizations

VatPhotopolymerization
type: Class
subclass of: AdditiveManufacturing
CN sg: VatPhotopolymerization
CN pl: VatPhotopolymerizations
comment: This process uses a vat of liquid photopolymer resin, out of which the model is constructed later by layer. An ultraviolet (UV) light is used to cure or harden the resin where required.

Viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: DerivedVariable
CN sg: Viscosity
CN pl: Viscosities
comment: Material viscosity plays an important role not only for prediction of the melt pool dynamics (when melting) but also for viscous sintering (when sintering). Its value cannot be measured and needs to be approximated with material models.

VolumetricHeatGeneration
type: Class
subclass of: VolumetricIrradiation
CN pl: VolumetricHeatGenerations
CN sg: VolumetricHeatGeneration

VolumetricIrradiation
type: Class
subclass of: Irradiation
CN pl: VolumetricIrradiations
CN sg: VolumetricIrradiation

WC-COCementedCarbide
type: Class
subclass of: HardMetal
CN sg: WC-COCementedCarbide
comment: Cemented carbides are composed of a metal matrix composite where carbide particles act as the aggregate and a metallic binder serves as the matrix.
CN pl: WC-COCementedCarbides

316316Jiang-316StainlessSteel
type: NamedIndividual
PN sg: StainlessSteel